Which reform movement was aimed at achieving more fairness and equality in America in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

The reform movement that aimed at achieving more fairness and equality in America during the late 1800s and early 1900s is Progressivism. This movement emerged as a response to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of society, which led to various social issues such as inequality, poor labor conditions, and political corruption. Progressives sought to implement reforms in areas including labor rights, women's suffrage, education, public health, and government regulation of business.

Progressivism was characterized by its belief in the power of collective action to improve society, advocating for changes through legislation and greater government involvement to ensure fair treatment and equal opportunities for all citizens. This stood in contrast to the Populism movement, which primarily focused on the concerns of agrarian interests and farmers, and the Labor Movement, which was specifically targeted at improving conditions and rights for workers rather than broader societal reforms. The New Deal, while also seeking to address inequality, came later in the 1930s in response to the Great Depression, rather than during the earlier progressive era.