Which political ideology emphasizes the importance of appeasing aggressive powers to prevent war?

The correct choice emphasizes the strategy of appeasement, which involves making concessions to aggressive powers in order to maintain peace and avoid conflict. This approach was notably applied prior to World War II, where Western democracies, particularly in Europe, made concessions to fascist regimes, believing that satisfying their demands would prevent war. This belief stemmed from a desire to maintain stability and avoid the catastrophic consequences of military conflict, demonstrating the ideology’s focus on diplomacy and negotiation.

Isolationism, while concerned with avoiding foreign conflicts, does not specifically involve appeasement but rather a complete withdrawal from international engagements. Interventionism refers to a more active foreign policy that involves intervening in other nations' affairs, usually militarily, to promote stability or protect interests. Militarism, on the other hand, emphasizes military strength and the readiness to use force, which contradicts the fundamental idea of appeasement that seeks to avoid war through diplomatic measures.