What term describes Mikhail Gorbachev's policy aimed at restructuring Russia's economy towards a market-based system?

The term that describes Mikhail Gorbachev's policy aimed at restructuring Russia's economy towards a market-based system is "Perestroika." This policy was introduced in the mid-1980s as part of a broader reform agenda to transition the Soviet Union from a highly centralized and state-controlled economy to one that incorporated elements of market economics. Perestroika aimed to increase efficiency and productivity through economic liberalization, allowing for limited private enterprise and competition.

Glasnost, another key policy introduced by Gorbachev, focused on increasing transparency and openness in government and society, but it did not specifically address economic restructuring. Privatization refers to the transfer of ownership from the state to private individuals or businesses, which was a process that took place later as a result of the policies initiated by Perestroika. Fascism, on the other hand, is a political ideology characterized by authoritarian power and nationalist tendencies, which has no direct relation to the reforms pursued by Gorbachev.