What foundational legal document outlines citizens' rights and government structure?

The Constitution serves as the foundational legal document that outlines both citizens' rights and the structure of government. It establishes the framework within which government operates, detailing powers, responsibilities, and limitations of various branches. The Constitution not only sets forth the rights of individuals—such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly—but also defines how laws are created, how representatives are elected, and the relationship between national and provincial governments.

In comparison, while a charter can refer to a document that grants specific rights or privileges, it is often not comprehensive in outlining the overall governance framework. Similarly, a declaration typically asserts principles or intentions but does not function as a legal structure governing a nation. Lastly, a Bill of Rights specifically enumerates individual rights but is integrated within the larger context of a constitution rather than serving as the primary document that lays out the full governance structure. Thus, the Constitution is the overarching document that encompasses both the rights of citizens and the organization of government.